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Zend Framework教程-Zend_Controller_Action动作的基类

栏目:ZendFramework时间:2014-05-02 18:34:28

Zend_Controller_Action的实现


            Zend Framework的动作控制器需要继承Zend_Controller_Action,Zend_Controller_Action提供了动作控制器的基本功能,具体参考如下代码:

Zend_Controller_Action_Interface

<?phpinterface Zend_Controller_Action_Interface{    /**     * Class constructor     *     * The request and response objects should be registered with the     * controller, as should be any additional optional arguments; these will be     * available via {@link getRequest()}, {@link getResponse()}, and     * {@link getInvokeArgs()}, respectively.     *     * When overriding the constructor, please consider this usage as a best     * practice and ensure that each is registered appropriately; the easiest     * way to do so is to simply call parent::__construct($request, $response,     * $invokeArgs).     *     * After the request, response, and invokeArgs are set, the     * {@link $_helper helper broker} is initialized.     *     * Finally, {@link init()} is called as the final action of     * instantiation, and may be safely overridden to perform initialization     * tasks; as a general rule, override {@link init()} instead of the     * constructor to customize an action controller's instantiation.     *     * @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request     * @param Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response     * @param array $invokeArgs Any additional invocation arguments     * @return void     */    public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request,                                Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response,                                array $invokeArgs = array());    /**     * Dispatch the requested action     *     * @param string $action Method name of action     * @return void     */    public function dispatch($action);}

 Zend_Controller_Action

<?php  require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/HelperBroker.php'; require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Interface.php'; require_once 'Zend/Controller/Front.php'; abstract class Zend_Controller_Action implements Zend_Controller_Action_Interface{     protected $_classMethods;     protected $_delimiters;     protected $_invokeArgs = array();     protected $_frontController;     protected $_request = null;     protected $_response = null;     public $viewSuffix = 'phtml';     public $view;     protected $_helper = null;     public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response, array $invokeArgs = array())    {        $this->setRequest($request)             ->setResponse($response)             ->_setInvokeArgs($invokeArgs);        $this->_helper = new Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker($this);        $this->init();    }     public function init()    {    }     public function initView()    {        if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {            return $this->view;        }        require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';        if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {            return $this->view;        }        $request = $this->getRequest();        $module  = $request->getModuleName();        $dirs    = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();        if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {            $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();        }        $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';        if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {            require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';            throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');        }        require_once 'Zend/View.php';        $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));        return $this->view;    }     public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)    {        if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {            return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);        }        $view   = $this->initView();        $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);        $this->getResponse()->appendBody(            $view->render($script),            $name        );    }     public function renderScript($script, $name = null)    {        if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {            return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);        }        $view = $this->initView();        $this->getResponse()->appendBody(            $view->render($script),            $name        );    }     public function getViewScript($action = null, $noController = null)    {        if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {            $viewRenderer = $this->_helper->getHelper('viewRenderer');            if (null !== $noController) {                $viewRenderer->setNoController($noController);            }            return $viewRenderer->getViewScript($action);        }        $request = $this->getRequest();        if (null === $action) {            $action = $request->getActionName();        } elseif (!is_string($action)) {            require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';            throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid action specifier for view render');        }        if (null === $this->_delimiters) {            $dispatcher = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getDispatcher();            $wordDelimiters = $dispatcher->getWordDelimiter();            $pathDelimiters = $dispatcher->getPathDelimiter();            $this->_delimiters = array_unique(array_merge($wordDelimiters, (array) $pathDelimiters));        }        $action = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $action);        $script = $action . '.' . $this->viewSuffix;        if (!$noController) {            $controller = $request->getControllerName();            $controller = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $controller);            $script = $controller . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $script;        }        return $script;    }     public function getRequest()    {        return $this->_request;    }     public function setRequest(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request)    {        $this->_request = $request;        return $this;    }     public function getResponse()    {        return $this->_response;    }     public function setResponse(Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response)    {        $this->_response = $response;        return $this;    }     protected function _setInvokeArgs(array $args = array())    {        $this->_invokeArgs = $args;        return $this;    }     public function getInvokeArgs()    {        return $this->_invokeArgs;    }     public function getInvokeArg($key)    {        if (isset($this->_invokeArgs[$key])) {            return $this->_invokeArgs[$key];        }        return null;    }     public function getHelper($helperName)    {        return $this->_helper->{$helperName};    }     public function getHelperCopy($helperName)    {        return clone $this->_helper->{$helperName};    }     public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $front)    {        $this->_frontController = $front;        return $this;    }     public function getFrontController()    {        // Used cache version if found        if (null !== $this->_frontController) {            return $this->_frontController;        }        // Grab singleton instance, if class has been loaded        if (class_exists('Zend_Controller_Front')) {            $this->_frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();            return $this->_frontController;        }        // Throw exception in all other cases        require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';        throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Front controller class has not been loaded');    }     public function preDispatch()    {    }     public function postDispatch()    {    }     public function __call($methodName, $args)    {        require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php';        if ('Action' == substr($methodName, -6)) {            $action = substr($methodName, 0, strlen($methodName) - 6);            throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Action "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $action), 404);        }        throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Method "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $methodName), 500);    }     public function dispatch($action)    {        // Notify helpers of action preDispatch state        $this->_helper->notifyPreDispatch();        $this->preDispatch();        if ($this->getRequest()->isDispatched()) {            if (null === $this->_classMethods) {                $this->_classMethods = get_class_methods($this);            }            // If pre-dispatch hooks introduced a redirect then stop dispatch            // @see ZF-7496            if (!($this->getResponse()->isRedirect())) {                // preDispatch() didn't change the action, so we can continue                if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions') || in_array($action, $this->_classMethods)) {                    if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions')) {                        trigger_error('Using case sensitive actions without word separators is deprecated; please do not rely on this "feature"');                    }                    $this->$action();                } else {                    $this->__call($action, array());                }            }            $this->postDispatch();        }        // whats actually important here is that this action controller is        // shutting down, regardless of dispatching; notify the helpers of this        // state        $this->_helper->notifyPostDispatch();    }     public function run(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request = null, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response = null)    {        if (null !== $request) {            $this->setRequest($request);        } else {            $request = $this->getRequest();        }        if (null !== $response) {            $this->setResponse($response);        }        $action = $request->getActionName();        if (empty($action)) {            $action = 'index';        }        $action = $action . 'Action';        $request->setDispatched(true);        $this->dispatch($action);        return $this->getResponse();    }     protected function _getParam($paramName, $default = null)    {        $value = $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);         if ((null === $value || '' === $value) && (null !== $default)) {            $value = $default;        }        return $value;    }     protected function _setParam($paramName, $value)    {        $this->getRequest()->setParam($paramName, $value);        return $this;    }     protected function _hasParam($paramName)    {        return null !== $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);    }     protected function _getAllParams()    {        return $this->getRequest()->getParams();    }     final protected function _forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null)    {        $request = $this->getRequest();        if (null !== $params) {            $request->setParams($params);        }        if (null !== $controller) {            $request->setControllerName($controller);            // Module should only be reset if controller has been specified            if (null !== $module) {                $request->setModuleName($module);            }        }        $request->setActionName($action)                ->setDispatched(false);    }     protected function _redirect($url, array $options = array())    {        $this->_helper->redirector->gotoUrl($url, $options);    }}


Zend_Controller_Action提供了动作和视图的render功能,以及注册请求和响应对象,常用助手等等。

动作控制器的常用方法

在动作控制器中常用的方法和属性如下:

$this->_helper主要完成助手的相关操作例如:

// 只是局部控制器;当初始化加载时,对这个控制器的所有动作有效:
$this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(true);
// 全局:
$this->_helper->removeHelper('viewRenderer');

 // 也是全局,但需要和本地版本协作,以便繁殖这个控制器:
Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->setParam('noViewRenderer', true);

通过设置ViewRenderer的noRender标记,可以简单地为一个独立的视图禁止解析(rendering): 
class FooController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function barAction()
    {
        // disable autorendering for this action only:
        $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender();
    }
}


            
禁止ViewRenderer的主要原因是如果你不需要视图对象或者如果你不通过视图脚本(例如,当使用动作控制器来司服网站服务协议如SOAP,XML-RPC或REST)来解析。大多数情况下,你不需要全局地禁止ViewRenderer,只选择性地在个别控制器或动作里禁止它。 


请求对象和响应对象的相关操作


无数的对象和变量与对象一起注册,并且每个都有访问器方法。


请求对象:getRequest()可用来读取调用动作请求对象。


响应对象: getResponse()可用来读取收集最终响应的响应对象。一些典型的调用看起来象这样:


$this->getResponse()->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml');
$this->getResponse()->appendBody($content);


                
调用参数:前端控制器可能把参数传给路由器、派遣器和动作控制器。为了读取这些参数,可使用getInvokeArg($key);另外,用getInvokeArgs()读取整个参数列表。


请求参数:请求对象手机请求参数,如任何_GET 或 _POST 参数,或者指定在URL的路径信息里的用户参数。为了读取这些参数,可使用_getParam($key)或_getAllParams()。也可以用_setParam()来设置请求参数;当转发到另外的动作时这很有用。


用_hasParam($key)来测试是否一个参数存在(对逻辑分支有用)。


Note: _getParam()可带有一个可选的第二个参数,如果它不是空的,就包含一个缺省的值。用它在读取值之前来消除对_hasParam() 的调用: 
// Use default value of 1 if id is not set
$id = $this->_getParam('id', 1);


// Instead of:
if ($this->_hasParam('id') {
    $id = $this->_getParam('id');
} else {
    $id = 1;
}


                    
视图的相关操作


Zend_Controller_Action为视图继承提供了一个初步的灵活的机制。有两个方法来完成这个:initView() 和 render();前者松散地加载$view public 属性,后者基于当前请求的动作来解析视图,它们使用目录层次来决定脚本路径。


视图初始化


initView()初始化视图对象。为了读取视图对象,render()调用initView(),但它可以在任何时候被初始化;缺省地,它用Zend_View对象来组装$view属性,但任何实现Zend_View_Interface的类可以使用。如果$view已经被初始化,它就简单地返回属性。


缺省的实现使用下面假设的目录结构:


applicationOrModule/
    controllers/
        IndexController.php
    views/
        scripts/
            index/
                index.phtml
        helpers/
        filters/


            
换句话说,视图脚本假定放在views/scripts/子目录,同时假定 views子目录还包含兄弟功能(助手和过滤器)。确定视图脚本名称和路径时,先以 views/scripts/作为基路径,然后加上以视图脚本对应控制器命名的目录。


解析(Rendering)视图


render() 有下列特征:has the following signature:


string render(string $action = null,
              string $name = null,
              bool $noController = false);


            
render()解析视图脚本。如果没有传递参数,它假定请求的脚本是[controller]/[action].phtml (.phtml是$viewSuffix属性的值)。为$action传递一个值将解析在[controller]子目录中的模板。为用[controller]重写,传递一个true值给$noController。最后,模板被解析到响应对象;如果你希望解析到一个在响应对象里指定的named segment,传递一个值给$name。


Note: 因为控制器和动作名字里可能包含分隔符如'_'、 '.' 和 '-',当决定视图名字时,render()把它们规格化成 '-'.在内部,它使用派遣器的字和路径分隔符来做规格化。这样,对/foo.bar/baz-bat的请求将解析脚本foo-bar/baz-bat.phtml。如果动作方法包含camelCasing,记住当决定视图脚本文件名的时候,这将变成由'-'分隔的字。 


一些例子:


class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function fooAction()
    {
        // Renders my/foo.phtml
        $this->render();


        // Renders my/bar.phtml
        $this->render('bar');


        // Renders baz.phtml
        $this->render('baz', null, true);


        // Renders my/login.phtml to the 'form' segment of the
        // response object
        $this->render('login', 'form');


        // Renders site.phtml to the 'page' segment of the response
        // object; does not use the 'my/' subirectory
        $this->render('site', 'page', true);
    }


    public function bazBatAction()
    {
        // Renders my/baz-bat.phtml
        $this->render();
    }
}

其它

_forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null) :执行另外一个动作。如果在preDispatch()里调用,当前请求的动作将被跳过来支持新的动作。否则,在当前动作被处理之后,在_forward()请求的动作将被执行。

_redirect($url, array $options = array()):重定向到另外一个地方。这个方法用URL和一组可选的选项。缺省地,它执行HTTP 302 重定向。

选项可包括一个或多个下面这些:

exit:是否立即退出。如果被请求,它将干净地关闭任何打开的会话和执行重定向。

可以用setRedirectExit()访问器在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

prependBase:是否预先考虑基础URL和URL提供的请求对象一起注册。

使用setRedirectPrependBase()访问器,在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

code:在重定向时要用什么HTTP代码。缺省使用302;可以用从301到306之间的任何代码。

使用setRedirectCode()访问器,在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

扩展自定义Zend_Controller_Action 

为了创建动作控制器,设计上,Zend_Controller_Action 必须被继承。至少,需要定义控制器可能调用的动作方法。
除了为web应用程序创建有用的函数外,你可能发现在不同的控制器里重复同样的设置和实用方法;如果这样,创建一个继承(extends)Zend_Controller_Action 的基础类可能会解决问题。
Example #1 如何处理不存在的动作

如果控制器的请求包括一个未定义的动作方法,Zend_Controller_Action::__call()将被调用。__call()当然是PHP中用来重载方法的魔术方法。

缺省地,这个方法抛出一个Zend_Controller_Action_Exception 来表明在控制器里没有发现要求的方法。如果要求的方法以'Action'结尾,就假设一个动作被请求并且不存在;这样的错误导致带有代码为 404 的异常。所有其它方法导致带有代码为 500 的异常。这使你很容易地在错误句柄里区分是页面没有发现还是程序错误。

如果想执行其它操作,你应该重写这个函数。例如,如果你想显示错误信息,可以象下面这样来写:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function __call($method, $args)
    {
        if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {
            // If the action method was not found, render the error
            // template
            return $this->render('error');
        }


        // all other methods throw an exception
        throw new Exception('Invalid method "'
                            . $method
                            . '" called',
                            500);
    }
}
            
另外的可能性就是你可能想转发到缺省控制页面:
class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $this->render();
    }
    public function __call($method, $args)
    {
        if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {
            // If the action method was not found, forward to the
            // index action
            return $this->_forward('index');
        }
        // all other methods throw an exception
        throw new Exception('Invalid method "'
                            . $method
                            . '" called',
                            500);
    }
}
            
为了定制控制器,除了重写__call()以外,本章前面说涉及的初始化、实用程序、访问器、视图和派遣钩子等方法都可以被重写。作为例子,如果把视图对象保存到注册表里,你可能想用象下面的代码来修改initView():

abstract class My_Base_Controller extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function initView()
    {
        if (null === $this->view) {
            if (Zend_Registry::isRegistered('view')) {
                $this->view = Zend_Registry::get('view');
            } else {
                $this->view = new Zend_View();
                $this->view->setBasePath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../views');
            }
        }


        return $this->view;
    }

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