MVC结构中视图层和控制器的解耦，以及渲染。往往是重复或者冗余的工作。如果一个完善的框架，对MVC的使用，必定会对这些操作进行合理的设计。让开发者更专注内容而不是控制逻辑结构本身。在ZendFramework中，主要是通过动作助手ViewRenderer来完成这个操作的。ViewRenderer 自动的完成在控制器内建立视图对象并渲染视图的过程；
ViewRenderer
介绍Note: ViewRenderer助手默认启用。
你可以通过前端控制器的noViewRenderer方法、设定参数($front->setParam('noViewRenderer', true))或者从助手经纪人栈(helper broker stack)中移除助手(Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker::removeHelper('viewRenderer'))等方式禁用该助手。
如希望在分发前端控制器前修改ViewRenderer设定，可采用下面的两种方法：$viewRenderer = new Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer();$viewRenderer->setView($view) ->setViewSuffix('php');Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker::addHelper($viewRenderer); 通过助手经纪人即时的初始化并/或获取ViewRenderer对象。 $viewRenderer = Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker::getStaticHelper('viewRenderer');$viewRenderer->setView($view) ->setViewSuffix('php');// A controller class, foo module:class Foo_BarController extends Zend_Controller_Action{ // Render bar/index.phtml by default; no action required public function indexAction() { } // Render bar/populate.phtml with variable 'foo' set to 'bar'. // Since view object defined at preDispatch(), it's already available. public function populateAction() { $this->view->foo = 'bar'; }}...// in one of your view scripts:$this->foo(); // call Foo_View_Helper_Foo::foo()ViewRenderer也定义了大量的访问器用来设定和获取视图选项。
// Render 'foo' instead of current action script$this->_helper->viewRenderer('foo');// render form.phtml to the 'html' response segment, without using a// controller view script subdirectory:$this->_helper->viewRenderer('form', 'html', true); Note: setRender() 和 direct()并不会实际解析视图脚本，而是提示postDispatch()和postDispatch()解析视图。 $view = new Zend_View(array('encoding' => 'UTF-8'));$options = array('noController' => true, 'neverRender' => true);$viewRenderer = new Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer($view, $options);:moduleDir 引用当前模块的基目录（常规的是模块的控制器目录的父目录）。
:module 引用当前的模块名。
:controller 引用当前的控制器名。
:action引用当前的模块名。
:suffix 引用当前的视图脚本后缀（可以通过setViewSuffix()来设置）。
视图解析器 API中的最后一项是关于实际确定视图脚本路径和解析视图的。包括：
Note: 默认的，Zend_Controller_Action::getViewScript()代理ViewRenderer的getViewScript()方法。
// In your bootstrap:Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker::getStaticHelper('viewRenderer');...// 'foo' module, 'bar' controller:class Foo_BarController extends Zend_Controller_Action{ // Render bar/index.phtml by default; no action required public function indexAction() { } // Render bar/populate.phtml with variable 'foo' set to 'bar'. // Since view object defined at preDispatch(), it's already available. public function populateAction() { $this->view->foo = 'bar'; } // Renders nothing as it forwards to another action; the new action // will perform any rendering public function bazAction() { $this->_forward('index'); } // Renders nothing as it redirects to another location public function batAction() { $this->_redirect('/index'); }}// Baz controller class, bar module:class Bar_BazController extends Zend_Controller_Action{ public function fooAction() { // Don't auto render this action $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(); }}// Bat controller class, bar module:class Bar_BatController extends Zend_Controller_Action{ public function preDispatch() { // Never auto render this controller's actions $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(); }}// Bar controller class, foo module:class Foo_BarController extends Zend_Controller_Action{ public function addAction() { // Render 'bar/form.phtml' instead of 'bar/add.phtml' $this->_helper->viewRenderer('form'); } public function editAction() { // Render 'bar/form.phtml' instead of 'bar/edit.phtml' $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setScriptAction('form'); } public function processAction() { // do some validation... if (!$valid) { // Render 'bar/form.phtml' instead of 'bar/process.phtml' $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setRender('form'); return; } // otherwise continue processing... }}// Bar controller class, foo module:class Foo_BarController extends Zend_Controller_Action{ public function preDispatch() { // change view encoding $this->view->setEncoding('UTF-8'); } public function bazAction() { // Get view object and set escape callback to 'htmlspecialchars' $view = $this->_helper->viewRenderer->view; $view->setEscape('htmlspecialchars'); }}高级用法示例
/** * In your bootstrap: */// Different view implementation$view = new ZF_Smarty();$viewRenderer = new Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer($view);$viewRenderer->setViewBasePathSpec('/opt/vendor/templates') ->setViewScriptPathSpec(':module/:controller/:action.:suffix') ->setViewScriptPathNoControllerSpec(':action.:suffix') ->setViewSuffix('tpl');Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker::addHelper($viewRenderer);class SearchController extends Zend_Controller_Action{ public function resultsAction() { // Assume $this->model is the current model $this->view->results = $this->model->find($this->_getParam('query', ''); // render() by default proxies to the ViewRenderer // Render first the search form and then the results $this->render('form'); $this->render('results'); } public function formAction() { // do nothing; ViewRenderer autorenders the view script }} ViewRenderer的相关源码如下，仔细分析，并不难看出实现方法：
<?php /** * @see Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_Abstract */require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Helper/Abstract.php';/** * @see Zend_View */require_once 'Zend/View.php';/** * View script integration * * Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer provides transparent view * integration for action controllers. It allows you to create a view object * once, and populate it throughout all actions. Several global options may be * set: * * - noController: if set true, render() will not look for view scripts in * subdirectories named after the controller * - viewSuffix: what view script filename suffix to use * * The helper autoinitializes the action controller view preDispatch(). It * determines the path to the class file, and then determines the view base * directory from there. It also uses the module name as a class prefix for * helpers and views such that if your module name is 'Search', it will set the * helper class prefix to 'Search_View_Helper' and the filter class prefix to ; * 'Search_View_Filter'. * * Usage: * <code> * // In your bootstrap: * Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker::addHelper(new Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer()); * * // In your action controller methods: * $viewHelper = $this->_helper->getHelper('view'); * * // Don't use controller subdirectories * $viewHelper->setNoController(true); * * // Specify a different script to render: * $this->_helper->viewRenderer('form'); * * </code> * * @uses Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_Abstract * @package Zend_Controller * @subpackage Zend_Controller_Action_Helper * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */class Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer extends Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_Abstract{ /** * @var Zend_View_Interface */ public $view; /** * Word delimiters * @var array */ protected $_delimiters; /** * @var Zend_Filter_Inflector */ protected $_inflector; /** * Inflector target * @var string */ protected $_inflectorTarget = ''; /** * Current module directory * @var string */ protected $_moduleDir = ''; /** * Whether or not to autorender using controller name as subdirectory; * global setting (not reset at next invocation) * @var boolean */ protected $_neverController = false; /** * Whether or not to autorender postDispatch; global setting (not reset at * next invocation) * @var boolean */ protected $_neverRender = false; /** * Whether or not to use a controller name as a subdirectory when rendering * @var boolean */ protected $_noController = false; /** * Whether or not to autorender postDispatch; per controller/action setting (reset * at next invocation) * @var boolean */ protected $_noRender = false; /** * Characters representing path delimiters in the controller * @var string|array */ protected $_pathDelimiters; /** * Which named segment of the response to utilize * @var string */ protected $_responseSegment = null; /** * Which action view script to render * @var string */ protected $_scriptAction = null; /** * View object basePath * @var string */ protected $_viewBasePathSpec = ':moduleDir/views'; /** * View script path specification string * @var string */ protected $_viewScriptPathSpec = ':controller/:action.:suffix'; /** * View script path specification string, minus controller segment * @var string */ protected $_viewScriptPathNoControllerSpec = ':action.:suffix'; /** * View script suffix * @var string */ protected $_viewSuffix = 'phtml'; /** * Constructor * * Optionally set view object and options. * * @param Zend_View_Interface $view * @param array $options * @return void */ public function __construct(Zend_View_Interface $view = null, array $options = array()) { if (null !== $view) { $this->setView($view); } if (!empty($options)) { $this->_setOptions($options); } } /** * Clone - also make sure the view is cloned. * * @return void */ public function __clone() { if (isset($this->view) && $this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface) { $this->view = clone $this->view; } } /** * Set the view object * * @param Zend_View_Interface $view * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setView(Zend_View_Interface $view) { $this->view = $view; return $this; } /** * Get current module name * * @return string */ public function getModule() { $request = $this->getRequest(); $module = $request->getModuleName(); if (null === $module) { $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule(); } return $module; } /** * Get module directory * * @throws Zend_Controller_Action_Exception * @return string */ public function getModuleDirectory() { $module = $this->getModule(); $moduleDir = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory($module); if ((null === $moduleDir) || is_array($moduleDir)) { /** * @see Zend_Controller_Action_Exception */ require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception('ViewRenderer cannot locate module directory for module "' . $module . '"'); } $this->_moduleDir = dirname($moduleDir); return $this->_moduleDir; } /** * Get inflector * * @return Zend_Filter_Inflector */ public function getInflector() { if (null === $this->_inflector) { /** * @see Zend_Filter_Inflector */ require_once 'Zend/Filter/Inflector.php'; /** * @see Zend_Filter_PregReplace */ require_once 'Zend/Filter/PregReplace.php'; /** * @see Zend_Filter_Word_UnderscoreToSeparator */ require_once 'Zend/Filter/Word/UnderscoreToSeparator.php'; $this->_inflector = new Zend_Filter_Inflector(); $this->_inflector->setStaticRuleReference('moduleDir', $this->_moduleDir) // moduleDir must be specified before the less specific 'module' ->addRules(array( ':module' => array('Word_CamelCaseToDash', 'StringToLower'), ':controller' => array('Word_CamelCaseToDash', new Zend_Filter_Word_UnderscoreToSeparator('/'), 'StringToLower', new Zend_Filter_PregReplace('/./', '-')), ':action' => array('Word_CamelCaseToDash', new Zend_Filter_PregReplace('#[^a-z0-9' . preg_quote('/', '#') . ']+#i', '-'), 'StringToLower'), )) ->setStaticRuleReference('suffix', $this->_viewSuffix) ->setTargetReference($this->_inflectorTarget); } // Ensure that module directory is current $this->getModuleDirectory(); return $this->_inflector; } /** * Set inflector * * @param Zend_Filter_Inflector $inflector * @param boolean $reference Whether the moduleDir, target, and suffix should be set as references to ViewRenderer properties * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setInflector(Zend_Filter_Inflector $inflector, $reference = false) { $this->_inflector = $inflector; if ($reference) { $this->_inflector->setStaticRuleReference('suffix', $this->_viewSuffix) ->setStaticRuleReference('moduleDir', $this->_moduleDir) ->setTargetReference($this->_inflectorTarget); } return $this; } /** * Set inflector target * * @param string $target * @return void */ protected function _setInflectorTarget($target) { $this->_inflectorTarget = (string) $target; } /** * Set internal module directory representation * * @param string $dir * @return void */ protected function _setModuleDir($dir) { $this->_moduleDir = (string) $dir; } /** * Get internal module directory representation * * @return string */ protected function _getModuleDir() { return $this->_moduleDir; } /** * Generate a class prefix for helper and filter classes * * @return string */ protected function _generateDefaultPrefix() { $default = 'Zend_View'; if (null === $this->_actionController) { return $default; } $class = get_class($this->_actionController); if (!strstr($class, '_')) { return $default; } $module = $this->getModule(); if ('default' == $module) { return $default; } $prefix = substr($class, 0, strpos($class, '_')) . '_View'; return $prefix; } /** * Retrieve base path based on location of current action controller * * @return string */ protected function _getBasePath() { if (null === $this->_actionController) { return './views'; } $inflector = $this->getInflector(); $this->_setInflectorTarget($this->getViewBasePathSpec()); $dispatcher = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher(); $request = $this->getRequest(); $parts = array( 'module' => (($moduleName = $request->getModuleName()) != '') ? $dispatcher->formatModuleName($moduleName) : $moduleName, 'controller' => $request->getControllerName(), 'action' => $dispatcher->formatActionName($request->getActionName()) ); $path = $inflector->filter($parts); return $path; } /** * Set options * * @param array $options * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ protected function _setOptions(array $options) { foreach ($options as $key => $value) { switch ($key) { case 'neverRender': case 'neverController': case 'noController': case 'noRender': $property = '_' . $key; $this->{$property} = ($value) ? true : false; break; case 'responseSegment': case 'scriptAction': case 'viewBasePathSpec': case 'viewScriptPathSpec': case 'viewScriptPathNoControllerSpec': case 'viewSuffix': $property = '_' . $key; $this->{$property} = (string) $value; break; default: break; } } return $this; } /** * Initialize the view object * * $options may contain the following keys: * - neverRender - flag dis/enabling postDispatch() autorender (affects all subsequent calls) * - noController - flag indicating whether or not to look for view scripts in subdirectories named after the controller * - noRender - flag indicating whether or not to autorender postDispatch() * - responseSegment - which named response segment to render a view script to * - scriptAction - what action script to render * - viewBasePathSpec - specification to use for determining view base path * - viewScriptPathSpec - specification to use for determining view script paths * - viewScriptPathNoControllerSpec - specification to use for determining view script paths when noController flag is set * - viewSuffix - what view script filename suffix to use * * @param string $path * @param string $prefix * @param array $options * @throws Zend_Controller_Action_Exception * @return void */ public function initView($path = null, $prefix = null, array $options = array()) { if (null === $this->view) { $this->setView(new Zend_View()); } // Reset some flags every time $options['noController'] = (isset($options['noController'])) ? $options['noController'] : false; $options['noRender'] = (isset($options['noRender'])) ? $options['noRender'] : false; $this->_scriptAction = null; $this->_responseSegment = null; // Set options first; may be used to determine other initializations $this->_setOptions($options); // Get base view path if (empty($path)) { $path = $this->_getBasePath(); if (empty($path)) { /** * @see Zend_Controller_Action_Exception */ require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception('ViewRenderer initialization failed: retrieved view base path is empty'); } } if (null === $prefix) { $prefix = $this->_generateDefaultPrefix(); } // Determine if this path has already been registered $currentPaths = $this->view->getScriptPaths(); $path = str_replace(array('/', ''), '/', $path); $pathExists = false; foreach ($currentPaths as $tmpPath) { $tmpPath = str_replace(array('/', ''), '/', $tmpPath); if (strstr($tmpPath, $path)) { $pathExists = true; break; } } if (!$pathExists) { $this->view->addBasePath($path, $prefix); } // Register view with action controller (unless already registered) if ((null !== $this->_actionController) && (null === $this->_actionController->view)) { $this->_actionController->view = $this->view; $this->_actionController->viewSuffix = $this->_viewSuffix; } } /** * init - initialize view * * @return void */ public function init() { if ($this->getFrontController()->getParam('noViewRenderer')) { return; } $this->initView(); } /** * Set view basePath specification * * Specification can contain one or more of the following: * - :moduleDir - current module directory * - :controller - name of current controller in the request * - :action - name of current action in the request * - :module - name of current module in the request * * @param string $path * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setViewBasePathSpec($path) { $this->_viewBasePathSpec = (string) $path; return $this; } /** * Retrieve the current view basePath specification string * * @return string */ public function getViewBasePathSpec() { return $this->_viewBasePathSpec; } /** * Set view script path specification * * Specification can contain one or more of the following: * - :moduleDir - current module directory * - :controller - name of current controller in the request * - :action - name of current action in the request * - :module - name of current module in the request * * @param string $path * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setViewScriptPathSpec($path) { $this->_viewScriptPathSpec = (string) $path; return $this; } /** * Retrieve the current view script path specification string * * @return string */ public function getViewScriptPathSpec() { return $this->_viewScriptPathSpec; } /** * Set view script path specification (no controller variant) * * Specification can contain one or more of the following: * - :moduleDir - current module directory * - :controller - name of current controller in the request * - :action - name of current action in the request * - :module - name of current module in the request * * :controller will likely be ignored in this variant. * * @param string $path * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setViewScriptPathNoControllerSpec($path) { $this->_viewScriptPathNoControllerSpec = (string) $path; return $this; } /** * Retrieve the current view script path specification string (no controller variant) * * @return string */ public function getViewScriptPathNoControllerSpec() { return $this->_viewScriptPathNoControllerSpec; } /** * Get a view script based on an action and/or other variables * * Uses values found in current request if no values passed in $vars. * * If {@link $_noController} is set, uses {@link $_viewScriptPathNoControllerSpec}; * otherwise, uses {@link $_viewScriptPathSpec}. * * @param string $action * @param array $vars * @return string */ public function getViewScript($action = null, array $vars = array()) { $request = $this->getRequest(); if ((null === $action) && (!isset($vars['action']))) { $action = $this->getScriptAction(); if (null === $action) { $action = $request->getActionName(); } $vars['action'] = $action; } elseif (null !== $action) { $vars['action'] = $action; } $replacePattern = array('/[^a-z0-9]+$/i', '/^[^a-z0-9]+/i'); $vars['action'] = preg_replace($replacePattern, '', $vars['action']); $inflector = $this->getInflector(); if ($this->getNoController() || $this->getNeverController()) { $this->_setInflectorTarget($this->getViewScriptPathNoControllerSpec()); } else { $this->_setInflectorTarget($this->getViewScriptPathSpec()); } return $this->_translateSpec($vars); } /** * Set the neverRender flag (i.e., globally dis/enable autorendering) * * @param boolean $flag * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setNeverRender($flag = true) { $this->_neverRender = ($flag) ? true : false; return $this; } /** * Retrieve neverRender flag value * * @return boolean */ public function getNeverRender() { return $this->_neverRender; } /** * Set the noRender flag (i.e., whether or not to autorender) * * @param boolean $flag * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setNoRender($flag = true) { $this->_noRender = ($flag) ? true : false; return $this; } /** * Retrieve noRender flag value * * @return boolean */ public function getNoRender() { return $this->_noRender; } /** * Set the view script to use * * @param string $name * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setScriptAction($name) { $this->_scriptAction = (string) $name; return $this; } /** * Retrieve view script name * * @return string */ public function getScriptAction() { return $this->_scriptAction; } /** * Set the response segment name * * @param string $name * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setResponseSegment($name) { if (null === $name) { $this->_responseSegment = null; } else { $this->_responseSegment = (string) $name; } return $this; } /** * Retrieve named response segment name * * @return string */ public function getResponseSegment() { return $this->_responseSegment; } /** * Set the noController flag (i.e., whether or not to render into controller subdirectories) * * @param boolean $flag * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setNoController($flag = true) { $this->_noController = ($flag) ? true : false; return $this; } /** * Retrieve noController flag value * * @return boolean */ public function getNoController() { return $this->_noController; } /** * Set the neverController flag (i.e., whether or not to render into controller subdirectories) * * @param boolean $flag * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setNeverController($flag = true) { $this->_neverController = ($flag) ? true : false; return $this; } /** * Retrieve neverController flag value * * @return boolean */ public function getNeverController() { return $this->_neverController; } /** * Set view script suffix * * @param string $suffix * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setViewSuffix($suffix) { $this->_viewSuffix = (string) $suffix; return $this; } /** * Get view script suffix * * @return string */ public function getViewSuffix() { return $this->_viewSuffix; } /** * Set options for rendering a view script * * @param string $action View script to render * @param string $name Response named segment to render to * @param boolean $noController Whether or not to render within a subdirectory named after the controller * @return Zend_Controller_Action_Helper_ViewRenderer Provides a fluent interface */ public function setRender($action = null, $name = null, $noController = null) { if (null !== $action) { $this->setScriptAction($action); } if (null !== $name) { $this->setResponseSegment($name); } if (null !== $noController) { $this->setNoController($noController); } return $this; } /** * Inflect based on provided vars * * Allowed variables are: * - :moduleDir - current module directory * - :module - current module name * - :controller - current controller name * - :action - current action name * - :suffix - view script file suffix * * @param array $vars * @return string */ protected function _translateSpec(array $vars = array()) { $inflector = $this->getInflector(); $request = $this->getRequest(); $dispatcher = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher(); $module = $dispatcher->formatModuleName($request->getModuleName()); $controller = $request->getControllerName(); $action = $dispatcher->formatActionName($request->getActionName()); $params = compact('module', 'controller', 'action'); foreach ($vars as $key => $value) { switch ($key) { case 'module': case 'controller': case 'action': case 'moduleDir': case 'suffix': $params[$key] = (string) $value; break; default: break; } } if (isset($params['suffix'])) { $origSuffix = $this->getViewSuffix(); $this->setViewSuffix($params['suffix']); } if (isset($params['moduleDir'])) { $origModuleDir = $this->_getModuleDir(); $this->_setModuleDir($params['moduleDir']); } $filtered = $inflector->filter($params); if (isset($params['suffix'])) { $this->setViewSuffix($origSuffix); } if (isset($params['moduleDir'])) { $this->_setModuleDir($origModuleDir); } return $filtered; } /** * Render a view script (optionally to a named response segment) * * Sets the noRender flag to true when called. * * @param string $script * @param string $name * @return void */ public function renderScript($script, $name = null) { if (null === $name) { $name = $this->getResponseSegment(); } $this->getResponse()->appendBody( $this->view->render($script), $name ); $this->setNoRender(); } /** * Render a view based on path specifications * * Renders a view based on the view script path specifications. * * @param string $action * @param string $name * @param boolean $noController * @return void */ public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = null) { $this->setRender($action, $name, $noController); $path = $this->getViewScript(); $this->renderScript($path, $name); } /** * Render a script based on specification variables * * Pass an action, and one or more specification variables (view script suffix) * to determine the view script path, and render that script. * * @param string $action * @param array $vars * @param string $name * @return void */ public function renderBySpec($action = null, array $vars = array(), $name = null) { if (null !== $name) { $this->setResponseSegment($name); } $path = $this->getViewScript($action, $vars); $this->renderScript($path); } /** * postDispatch - auto render a view * * Only autorenders if: * - _noRender is false * - action controller is present * - request has not been re-dispatched (i.e., _forward() has not been called) * - response is not a redirect * * @return void */ public function postDispatch() { if ($this->_shouldRender()) { $this->render(); } } /** * Should the ViewRenderer render a view script? * * @return boolean */ protected function _shouldRender() { return (!$this->getFrontController()->getParam('noViewRenderer') && !$this->_neverRender && !$this->_noRender && (null !== $this->_actionController) && $this->getRequest()->isDispatched() && !$this->getResponse()->isRedirect() ); } /** * Use this helper as a method; proxies to setRender() * * @param string $action * @param string $name * @param boolean $noController * @return void */ public function direct($action = null, $name = null, $noController = null) { $this->setRender($action, $name, $noController); }}下一篇 定义函数时前面加个号代表什么？