1.动量函数 momentum()
#动量交易策略 Momentum Trading Strategy。
#简单讲就是今天比昨天涨了多少或是低了多少;
#该理论相信,涨了还会涨,跌了继续跌。
#动量计算:p(t)-p(t-n)
#式中,p(t)是第t期的价格。
#p(t-n)是第t-m期的价格
#n是时间间隔
#计算n天的动量
#动量函数 momentum()
函数情势:momentum(x,n=1,na.pad=TRUE)
式中:
x-表示要计算的量,可以是价格或是成交量。
n-时间跨度参数,默许值是1。
na.pad-计算结果是不是包括NA,默许值是TRUE。
以谷歌在2016年至今的股票为例。
n<⑴
library(quantmod)
getSymbols("GOOG",src="yahoo",from="2016-01-01", to='2016-05⑶0')
#显示1下数据看看
#head(GOOG$GOOG.Close)
Close<-GOOG$GOOG.Close
names(Close)<-"show"
tail(Close)
GoogleM<-momentum(Close,n,na.pad = TRUE)
tail(GoogleM)
![](http://www.wfuyu.com/upload/caiji/20160601/http://blog.csdn.net/superdont/article/details/data:image/png;base64,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)
2.动量变化率函数 ROC()
#动量计算:p(t)-p(t-n)
#动量变化率计算: (p(t)-p(t-n))/p(t-n)
#式中,p(t)是第t期的价格。
#p(t-n)是第t-m期的价格
#n是时间间隔
#计算n天的动量变化率
#ROC(x, n=1,type=c("continuous","discrete"),na.pad=TRUE)
#x,表示价格
#n表示时间跨度
#type有两个可能值。
#type="continuous",计算:ln(p(t)/p(t-n))
#type="discrete",计算:(p(t)-p(t⑴))⑴
#na.pad表示是不是包括NA,默许是值TRUE。
设定n=1,计算1期的股价变化率,编写程序以下:
n<⑴
library(quantmod)
getSymbols("GOOG",src="yahoo",from="2016-01-01", to='2016-05⑶0')
#显示1下数据看看
#head(GOOG$GOOG.Close)
Close<-GOOG$GOOG.Close
names(Close)<-"show"
tail(Close)
GoogleM<-ROC(Close,n,type="continuous",na.pad = TRUE)
tail(GoogleM)
![](http://www.wfuyu.com/upload/caiji/20160601/http://blog.csdn.net/superdont/article/details/data:image/png;base64,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)
3.在K线图下方显示动量变化率
这里以n=5,即5期的股价动量变化为例进行展现。
library(quantmod)
getSymbols("GOOG",src="yahoo",from="2016-01-01", to='2016-05⑶0')
chartSeries(GOOG,theme = 'white',name='谷歌',up.col = 'red',dn.col = 'green')
#显示1下数据看看
#head(GOOG$GOOG.Close)
Close<-GOOG$GOOG.Close
names(Close)<-"show"
tail(Cl(GOOG))
addTA(Cl(GOOG),on=1,col="black",type="l")
addTA(Cl(GOOG),col="black",type="l")
addTA(ROC(Cl(GOOG),n=5,type="discrete",na.pad=TRUE),col=4,type="l")