通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。MySQL是一种很流行的数据库,并且在互联网中有许多有关PHP与MySQL的教程。MySQL是免费的,这一点也许就吸引了不少人。由于其广泛应用,我就不想在这里赘述MySQL的使用方法了。Oracle被大量在企业应用中采用,因此我们就利用Oracle来介绍PHP与数据库的连接。我们当然不会提及Oracle数据库的设计原理,原因是这已经超出了我们的讨论范围。
PHP提供了两套函数与Oracle连接,分别是ORA_和OCI函数。其中ORA_函数略显陈旧。OCI函数更新据说更好一些。两者的使用语法几乎相差无几。如前所述,你的PHP安装选项应该可以支持两者的使用。
4.1 连接
-
- if ($conn=Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME","password"))
- {
- echo "SUCCESS ! Connected to database ";
- }
- else
- {
- echo "Failed :-( Could not connect to database ";
- }
- Ora_Logoff($conn);
- phpinfo();
- ?>
以上代码使用TNSNAME(在你的tnsnames.ora文件中指明)定义的Oracle数据库名称、用户名称和密码连接数据库。在成功连接的基础上,ora_logon函数返回一个非零的连接ID并储存在变量$conn中。
4.2 查询
假设与数据库已经连接就绪,下面我们就来实际的应用对数据库的查询。下面的代码演示了一个连接并查询的典型例子:
以下是引用片段:
-
-
-
- function printoraerr($in_cur)
- {
-
-
-
- if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
- echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)." ";
- return;
- }
-
- if (!($conn=ora_logon("user@TNSNAME","password")))
- {
- echo "Connection to database failed ";
- exit;
- }
- echo "Connected as connection - $conn
- ";
- echo "Opening cursor ...
- ";
- $cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor);
- echo "Opened cursor - $cursor
- ";
- $qry="select user,sysdate from dual";
- echo "Parsing the query $qry ...
- ";
- ora_parse($cursor,$qry,0); printoraerr($cursor);
- echo "Query parsed
- ";
- echo "Executing cursor ...
- ";
- ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor);
- echo "Executed cursor
- ";
- echo "Fetching cursor ...
- ";
- while(ora_fetch($cursor))
- {
- $user=ora_getcolumn($cursor,0); printoraerr($cursor);
- $sysdate=ora_getcolumn($cursor,1); printoraerr($cursor);
- echo " row = $user, $sysdate
- ";
- }
- echo "Fetched all records
- ";
- echo "Closing cursor ...
- ";
- ora_close($cursor);
- echo "Closed cursor
- ";
- echo "Logging off from oracle...
- ";
- ora_logoff($conn);
- echo "Logged off from oracle
- ";
- ?>
(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)
4.3 显示结果
以下代码演示了怎样查询数据库并将结果输出:以下是引用片段:
- function printoraerr($in_cur, $conn)
- {
-
-
-
-
- if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
- {
- echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."
- n";
- ora_logoff($conn);
- exit;
- }
- return;
- }
- function exequery($w_qry,$conn)
- {
- $cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
- ora_parse($cursor,$w_qry,0); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
- ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
- $numrows=0;
- $w_numcols=ora_numcols($cursor);
-
- echo "
- ";
- for ($i=0;$i<$w_numcols;$i++)
- {
- $align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
- echo " ".ora_columnname($cursor,$i)." ";
- }
- echo "
- ";
- while(ora_fetch($cursor))
- {
- echo " ";
- for ($i=0;$i<$w_numcols;$i++)
- {
- $align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
- if(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="LONG")
- echo " ".
- ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."
- ";
- else
- echo " ".ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)." ";
- printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
- }