索引:[LeetCode] Leetcode 题解索引 (C++/Java/Python/Sql)
Github:
https://github.com/illuz/leetcode
023. Merge k Sorted Lists (Hard)
链接:
题目:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/merge-k-sorted-lists/
代码(github):https://github.com/illuz/leetcode
题意:
和
021. Merge Two Sorted Lists (Easy) 类似,这次要 Merge K 个。
分析:
很明显可以想到利用已完成的 Merge Two Sorted Lists 的函数来用。
这时候有两种方法:
1. (C++) 用2分的思想,把每一个 List 和它相邻的 List 进行 Merge,这样范围就缩小了1半了,再重复这样,就能够 O(nklogk) 完成。比如: [1, 2, …, n] 的第1轮 Merge 是 [1, n/2], [2, n/2+1], …
2. (Python) 也是用2分的思想,就是把 Lists 分为两部份,分别递归 Merge k Sorted Lists 后变成两个 List ,然后再对这两 List 进行 Merge Two Sorted Lists 。
这两种方法都是递归调用,都可以进行记忆化,用空间换时间,不过我不清楚会不会超空间(Memory Limit Exceed),所以就没试了~
除用2分的思路,还有更好写的方法,就是用堆(heap),具体就是用优先队列(Priority Queue)。
(Java) 先把每一个 List 的第1个节点放进优先队列,每次取出队列中的最大值节点,再把那个节点的 next 放进去。
代码:
C++:
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *mergeKLists(vector<ListNode *> &lists) {
int sz = lists.size();
if (sz == 0)
return NULL;
while (sz > 1) {
int k = (sz + 1) / 2;
for (int i = 0; i < sz / 2; i++)
lists[i] = mergeTwoLists(lists[i], lists[i + k]);
sz = k;
}
return lists[0];
}
ListNode *mergeTwoLists(ListNode *l1, ListNode *l2) {
if (l1 == NULL)
return l2;
if (l2 == NULL)
return l1;
ListNode *start, *p1;
if (l1->val < l2->val) {
p1 = start = l1;
l1 = l1->next;
} else {
p1 = start = l2;
l2 = l2->next;
}
while (l1 != NULL && l2 != NULL) {
if (l1->val < l2->val) {
p1->next = l1;
p1 = l1;
l1 = l1->next;
} else {
p1->next = l2;
p1 = l2;
l2 = l2->next;
}
}
if (l1 != NULL)
p1->next = l1;
else
p1->next = l2;
return start;
}
};
Java:
public class Solution {
public ListNode mergeKLists(List<ListNode> lists) {
Queue<ListNode> heap = new PriorityQueue<ListNode>(new Comparator<ListNode>(){
@Override public int compare(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
return l1.val - l2.val;
}
});
ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0), cur = dummy, tmp;
for (ListNode list : lists) {
if (list != null) {
heap.offer(list);
}
}
while (!heap.isEmpty()) {
tmp = heap.poll();
cur.next = tmp;
cur = cur.next;
if (tmp.next != null) {
heap.offer(tmp.next);
}
}
return dummy.next;
}
}
Python:
class Solution:
# @param a list of ListNode
# @return a ListNode
def mergeKLists(self, lists):
if len(lists) == 0:
return None
if len(lists) == 1:
return lists[0]
mid = len(lists) // 2
left = self.mergeKLists(lists[:mid])
right = self.mergeKLists(lists[mid:])
# merge left and right
dummy = ListNode(0)
cur = dummy
while left or right:
if right == None or (left and left.val <= right.val):
cur.next = left
left = left.next
else:
cur.next = right
right = right.next
cur = cur.next
return dummy.next