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FFmpeg源代码简单分析:avio_open2()

栏目:php教程时间:2015-03-13 07:59:22
本文简单分析FFmpeg中1个经常使用的函数avio_open2()。该函数用于打开FFmpeg的输入输出文件。avio_open2()的声明位于libavformatavio.h文件中,以下所示。
/** * Create and initialize a AVIOContext for accessing the * resource indicated by url. * @note When the resource indicated by url has been opened in * read+write mode, the AVIOContext can be used only for writing. * * @param s Used to return the pointer to the created AVIOContext. * In case of failure the pointed to value is set to NULL. * @param url resource to access * @param flags flags which control how the resource indicated by url * is to be opened * @param int_cb an interrupt callback to be used at the protocols level * @param options A dictionary filled with protocol-private options. On return * this parameter will be destroyed and replaced with a dict containing options * that were not found. May be NULL. * @return >= 0 in case of success, a negative value corresponding to an * AVERROR code in case of failure */ int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *url, int flags, const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options);

avio_open2()函数参数的含义以下:
s:函数调用成功以后创建的AVIOContext结构体。
url:输入输出协议的地址(文件也是1种“广义”的协议,对文件来讲就是文件的路径)。
flags:打开地址的方式。可以选择只读,只写,或读写。取值以下。
AVIO_FLAG_READ:只读。
AVIO_FLAG_WRITE:只写。
AVIO_FLAG_READ_WRITE:读写。
int_cb:目前还没有用过。

options:目前还没有用过。

该函数最典型的例子可以参考:最简单的基于FFMPEG的视频编码器(YUV编码为H.264)


函数调用结构图

首先贴出来终究分析得出的函数调用结构图,以下所示。

 

单击查看更清晰的图片


avio_open()

有1个和avio_open2()“长得很像”的函数avio_open(),应当是avio_open2()的初期版本。avio_open()比avio_open2()少了最后2个参数。而它前面几个参数的含义和avio_open2()是1样的。从源代码中可以看出,avio_open()内部调用了avio_open2(),并且把avio_open2()的后2个参数设置成了NULL,因此它的功能实际上和avio_open2()是1样的。avio_open()源代码以下所示。
int avio_open(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags) { return avio_open2(s, filename, flags, NULL, NULL); }

avio_open2()

下面看1下avio_open2()的源代码,位于libavformataviobuf.c文件中。
int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags, const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options) { URLContext *h; int err; err = ffurl_open(&h, filename, flags, int_cb, options); if (err < 0) return err; err = ffio_fdopen(s, h); if (err < 0) { ffurl_close(h); return err; } return 0; }

从avio_open2()的源代码可以看出,它主要调用了2个函数:ffurl_open()和ffio_fdopen()。其中ffurl_open()用于初始化URLContext,ffio_fdopen()用于根据URLContext初始化AVIOContext。URLContext中包括的URLProtocol完成了具体的协议读写等工作。AVIOContext则是在URLContext的读写函数外面加上了1层“包装”(通过retry_transfer_wrapper()函数)。


URLProtocol和URLContext

在查看ffurl_open()和ffio_fdopen()函数之前,首先查看1下URLContext和URLProtocol的定义。这两个结构体在FFmpeg的初期版本的SDK中是定义在头文件中可以直接使用的。但是近期的FFmpeg的SDK中已找不到这两个结构体的定义了。FFmpeg把这两个结构体移动到了源代码的内部,变成了内部结构体。
URLProtocol的定义位于libavformaturl.h,以下所示。
typedef struct URLProtocol { const char *name; int (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags); /** * This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested * protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open()/ffurl_connect() * for those nested protocols. */ int (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options); /** * Read data from the protocol. * If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is * reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately. * Otherwise: * In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately. * In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s), * and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout. * Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until * enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see * retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c. */ int (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size); int (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size); int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence); int (*url_close)(URLContext *h); struct URLProtocol *next; int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause); int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index, int64_t timestamp, int flags); int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h); int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles, int *numhandles); int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags); int priv_data_size; const AVClass *priv_data_class; int flags; int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask); } URLProtocol;

从URLProtocol的定义可以看出,其中包括了用于协议读写的函数指针。例如:
url_open():打开协议。
url_read():读数据。
url_write():写数据。
url_close():关闭协议。
每种具体的协议都包括了1个URLProtocol结构体,例如:
FILE协议(“文件”在FFmpeg中也被当作1种协议)的结构体ff_file_protocol的定义以下所示(位于libavformatfile.c)。
URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = { .name = "file", .url_open = file_open, .url_read = file_read, .url_write = file_write, .url_seek = file_seek, .url_close = file_close, .url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle, .url_check = file_check, .priv_data_size = sizeof(FileContext), .priv_data_class = &file_class, };

在使用FILE协议进行读写的时候,调用url_open()实际上就是调用了file_open()函数,这里限于篇幅不再对file_open()的源代码进行分析。file_open()函数实际上调用了系统的打开文件函数open()。同理,调用url_read()实际上就是调用了file_read()函数;file_read()函数实际上调用了系统的读取文件函数read()。url_write(),url_seek()等函数的道理都是1样的。

LibRTMP协议的结构体ff_librtmp_protocol的定义以下所示(位于libavformatlibrtmp.c)。
URLProtocol ff_librtmp_protocol = { .name = "rtmp", .url_open = rtmp_open, .url_read = rtmp_read, .url_write = rtmp_write, .url_close = rtmp_close, .url_read_pause = rtmp_read_pause, .url_read_seek = rtmp_read_seek, .url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle, .priv_data_size = sizeof(LibRTMPContext), .priv_data_class = &librtmp_class, .flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK, };

UDP协议的结构体ff_udp_protocol的定义以下所示(位于libavformatudp.c)。
URLProtocol ff_udp_protocol = { .name = "udp", .url_open = udp_open, .url_read = udp_read, .url_write = udp_write, .url_close = udp_close, .url_get_file_handle = udp_get_file_handle, .priv_data_size = sizeof(UDPContext), .priv_data_class = &udp_context_class, .flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK, };

上文中简单介绍了URLProtocol结构体。下面看1下URLContext结构体。URLContext的定义也位于libavformaturl.h,以下所示。
typedef struct URLContext { const AVClass *av_class; /**< information for av_log(). Set by url_open(). */ struct URLProtocol *prot; void *priv_data; char *filename; /**< specified URL */ int flags; int max_packet_size; /**< if non zero, the stream is packetized with this max packet size */ int is_streamed; /**< true if streamed (no seek possible), default = false */ int is_connected; AVIOInterruptCB interrupt_callback; int64_t rw_timeout; /**< maximum time to wait for (network) read/write operation completion, in mcs */ } URLContext;

从代码中可以看出,URLProtocol结构体是URLContext结构体的1个成员。由于还没有对URLContext结构体进行详细研究,有关该结构体的代码不再做过量分析。

ffurl_open()

前文提到AVIOContext中主要调用了2个函数:ffurl_open()和ffio_fdopen()。其中ffurl_open()用于初始化URLContext,ffio_fdopen()用于根据URLContext初始化AVIOContext。下面首先看1下初始化URLContext的函数ffurl_open()。
ffurl_open()的函数定义位于libavformatavio.c中,以下所示。
int ffurl_open(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags, const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options) { int ret = ffurl_alloc(puc, filename, flags, int_cb); if (ret < 0) return ret; if (options && (*puc)->prot->priv_data_class && (ret = av_opt_set_dict((*puc)->priv_data, options)) < 0) goto fail; if ((ret = av_opt_set_dict(*puc, options)) < 0) goto fail; ret = ffurl_connect(*puc, options); if (!ret) return 0; fail: ffurl_close(*puc); *puc = NULL; return ret; }

从代码中可以看出,ffurl_open()主要调用了2个函数:ffurl_alloc()和ffurl_connect()。ffurl_alloc()用于查找适合的URLProtocol,并创建1个URLContext;ffurl_connect()用于打开取得的URLProtocol。


ffurl_alloc()

ffurl_alloc()的定义位于libavformatavio.c中,以下所示。
int ffurl_alloc(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags, const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb) { URLProtocol *p = NULL; if (!first_protocol) { av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "No URL Protocols are registered. " "Missing call to av_register_all()? "); } p = url_find_protocol(filename); if (p) return url_alloc_for_protocol(puc, p, filename, flags, int_cb); *puc = NULL; if (av_strstart(filename, "https:", NULL)) av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "https protocol not found, recompile with openssl or gnutls enabled. "); return AVERROR_PROTOCOL_NOT_FOUND; }

从代码中可以看出,ffurl_alloc()主要调用了2个函数:url_find_protocol()根据文件路径查找适合的URLProtocol,url_alloc_for_protocol()为查找到的URLProtocol创建URLContext。


url_find_protocol()

先来看1下url_find_protocol()函数,定义以下所示。
#define URL_SCHEME_CHARS "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "0123456789+-." static struct URLProtocol *url_find_protocol(const char *filename) { URLProtocol *up = NULL; char proto_str[128], proto_nested[128], *ptr; size_t proto_len = strspn(filename, URL_SCHEME_CHARS); if (filename[proto_len] != ':' && (filename[proto_len] != ',' || !strchr(filename + proto_len + 1, ':')) || is_dos_path(filename)) strcpy(proto_str, "file"); else av_strlcpy(proto_str, filename, FFMIN(proto_len + 1, sizeof(proto_str))); if ((ptr = strchr(proto_str, ','))) *ptr = ''; av_strlcpy(proto_nested, proto_str, sizeof(proto_nested)); if ((ptr = strchr(proto_nested, '+'))) *ptr = ''; while (up = ffurl_protocol_next(up)) { if (!strcmp(proto_str, up->name)) break; if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NESTED_SCHEME && !strcmp(proto_nested, up->name)) break; } return up; }

url_find_protocol()函数表明了FFmpeg根据文件路径猜想协议的方法。该函数首先根据strspn()函数查找字符串中第1个“非字母或数字”的字符的位置,并保存在proto_len中。1般情况下,协议URL中都是包括“:”的,比如说RTMP的URL格式是“rtmp://xxx…”,UDP的URL格式是“udp://…”,HTTP的URL格式是“http://...”。因此,1般情况下proto_len的数值就是“:”的下标(代表了“:”前面的协议名称的字符的个数,例如rtmp://的proto_len为4)。
接下来函数将filename的前proto_len个字节拷贝至proto_str字符串中。

PS:

这个地方比较纠结,源代码中av_strlcpy()函数的第3个参数size写的字符串的长度是(proto_len+1),但是查了1下av_strlcpy()的定义,发现该函数最多拷贝(size⑴)个字符。这么1涨1消,终究还是拷贝了proto_len个字节。例如RTMP协议就拷贝了“rtmp”,UDP协议就拷贝了“udp”。

av_strlcpy()是FFMpeg的1个工具函数,声明位于libavutilavstring.h,以下所示。

/** * Copy the string src to dst, but no more than size - 1 bytes, and * null-terminate dst. * * This function is the same as BSD strlcpy(). * * @param dst destination buffer * @param src source string * @param size size of destination buffer * @return the length of src * * @warning since the return value is the length of src, src absolutely * _must_ be a properly 0-terminated string, otherwise this will read beyond * the end of the buffer and possibly crash. */ size_t av_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);

这里有1种例外,那就是文件路径。“文件”在FFmpeg中也是1种“协议”,并且前缀是“file”。也就是标准的文件路径应当是“file://...”格式的。但是这太不符合我们1般人的使用习惯,我们1般是不会在文件路径前面加上“file”协议名称的。所以该函数采取的方法是:1旦检测出来输入的URL是文件路径而不是网络协议,就自动向proto_str中拷贝“file”。

其中判断文件路径那里有1个很复杂的if()语句。根据我的理解,“||”前面的语句用于判断是不是是相对文件路径,“||”后面的语句用于判断是不是是绝对路径。判断绝对路径的时候用到了1个函数is_dos_path(),定义位于libavformatos_support.h,以下所示。
static inline int is_dos_path(const char *path) { #if HAVE_DOS_PATHS if (path[0] && path[1] == ':') return 1; #endif return 0; }

注意“&&”优先级低于“==”。如果文件路径第1个字符不为空(1般情况下是盘符)而且第2个字符为“:”,就认为它是绝对文件路径。
另外url_find_protocol()函数中还触及到1个函数ffurl_protocol_next()。该函数用于取得下1个URLProtocol(所有的URLProtocol在FFmpeg初始化注册的时候构成1个链表结构)。ffurl_protocol_next()代码极为简单,以下所示。
URLProtocol *ffurl_protocol_next(const URLProtocol *prev) { return prev ? prev->next : first_protocol; }


url_alloc_for_protocol()

url_alloc_for_protocol()的定义位于libavformatavio.c中,以下所示。
static int url_alloc_for_protocol(URLContext **puc, struct URLProtocol *up, const char *filename, int flags, const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb) { URLContext *uc; int err; #if CONFIG_NETWORK if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK && !ff_network_init()) return AVERROR(EIO); #endif if ((flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ) && !up->url_read) { av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Impossible to open the '%s' protocol for reading ", up->name); return AVERROR(EIO); } if ((flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) && !up->url_write) { av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Impossible to open the '%s' protocol for writing ", up->name); return AVERROR(EIO); } uc = av_mallocz(sizeof(URLContext) + strlen(filename) + 1); if (!uc) { err = AVERROR(ENOMEM); goto fail; } uc->av_class = &ffurl_context_class; uc->filename = (char *)&uc[1]; strcpy(uc->filename, filename); uc->prot = up; uc->flags = flags; uc->is_streamed = 0; /* default = not streamed */ uc->max_packet_size = 0; /* default: stream file */ if (up->priv_data_size) { uc->priv_data = av_mallocz(up->priv_data_size); if (!uc->priv_data) { err = AVERROR(ENOMEM); goto fail; } if (up->priv_data_class) { int proto_len= strlen(up->name); char *start = strchr(uc->filename, ','); *(const AVClass **)uc->priv_data = up->priv_data_class; av_opt_set_defaults(uc->priv_data); if(!strncmp(up->name, uc->filename, proto_len) && uc->filename + proto_len == start){ int ret= 0; char *p= start; char sep= *++p; char *key, *val; p++; while(ret >= 0 && (key= strchr(p, sep)) && p<key && (val = strchr(key+1, sep))){ *val= *key= 0; ret= av_opt_set(uc->priv_data, p, key+1, 0); if (ret == AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND) av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Key '%s' not found. ", p); *val= *key= sep; p= val+1; } if(ret<0 || p!=key){ av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error parsing options string %s ", start); av_freep(&uc->priv_data); av_freep(&uc); err = AVERROR(EINVAL); goto fail; } memmove(start, key+1, strlen(key)); } } } if (int_cb) uc->interrupt_callback = *int_cb; *puc = uc; return 0; fail: *puc = NULL; if (uc) av_freep(&uc->priv_data); av_freep(&uc); #if CONFIG_NETWORK if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK) ff_network_close(); #endif return err; }

url_alloc_for_protocol()完成了以下步骤:首先,检查输入的URLProtocol是不是支持指定的flag。比如flag中如果指定了AVIO_FLAG_READ,则URLProtocol中必须包括url_read();如果指定了AVIO_FLAG_WRITE,则URLProtocol中必须包括url_write()。在检查无误以后,接着就能够调用av_mallocz()为行将创建的URLContext分配内存了。接下来基本上就是各种赋值工作,在这里不再详细记录。

ffurl_connect()

ffurl_connect()用于打开取得的URLProtocol。该函数的定义位于libavformatavio.c中,以下所示。
int ffurl_connect(URLContext *uc, AVDictionary **options) { int err = uc->prot->url_open2 ? uc->prot->url_open2(uc, uc->filename, uc->flags, options) : uc->prot->url_open(uc, uc->filename, uc->flags); if (err) return err; uc->is_connected = 1; /* We must be careful here as ffurl_seek() could be slow, * for example for http */ if ((uc->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) || !strcmp(uc->prot->name, "file")) if (!uc->is_streamed && ffurl_seek(uc, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) uc->is_streamed = 1; return 0; }

该函数最重要的函数就是它的第1句:URLProtocol中是不是包括url_open2()?如果包括的话,就调用url_open2(),否则就调用url_open()。

url_open()本身是URLProtocol的1个函数指针,这个地方根据不同的协议调用的url_open()具体实现函数也是不1样的,例如file协议的url_open()对应的是file_open(),而file_open()终究调用了_wsopen(),_sopen()(Windows下)或open()(Linux下,类似于fopen())这样的系统中打开文件的API函数;而libRTMP的url_open()对应的是rtmp_open(),而rtmp_open()终究调用了libRTMP的API函数RTMP_Init(),RTMP_SetupURL(),RTMP_Connect() 和RTMP_ConnectStream()。


ffio_fdopen()

ffio_fdopen()使用已取得的URLContext初始化AVIOContext。它的函数定义位于libavformataviobuf.c中,以下所示。

#define IO_BUFFER_SIZE 32768 int ffio_fdopen(AVIOContext **s, URLContext *h) { uint8_t *buffer; int buffer_size, max_packet_size; max_packet_size = h->max_packet_size; if (max_packet_size) { buffer_size = max_packet_size; /* no need to bufferize more than one packet */ } else { buffer_size = IO_BUFFER_SIZE; } buffer = av_malloc(buffer_size); if (!buffer) return AVERROR(ENOMEM); *s = avio_alloc_context(buffer, buffer_size, h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, h, (void*)ffurl_read, (void*)ffurl_write, (void*)ffurl_seek); if (!*s) { av_free(buffer); return AVERROR(ENOMEM); } (*s)->direct = h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_DIRECT; (*s)->seekable = h->is_streamed ? 0 : AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL; (*s)->max_packet_size = max_packet_size; if(h->prot) { (*s)->read_pause = (int (*)(void *, int))h->prot->url_read_pause; (*s)->read_seek = (int64_t (*)(void *, int, int64_t, int))h->prot->url_read_seek; } (*s)->av_class = &ffio_url_class; return 0; }

ffio_fdopen()函数首先初始化AVIOContext中的Buffer。如果URLContext中设置了max_packet_size,则将Buffer的大小设置为max_packet_size。如果没有设置的话(仿佛大部份URLContext都没有设置该值),则会分配IO_BUFFER_SIZE个字节给Buffer。IO_BUFFER_SIZE取值为32768。


avio_alloc_context()

ffio_fdopen()接下来会调用avio_alloc_context()初始化1个AVIOContext。avio_alloc_context()本身是1个FFmpeg的API函数。它的声明位于libavformatavio.h中,以下所示。
/** * Allocate and initialize an AVIOContext for buffered I/O. It must be later * freed with av_free(). * * @param buffer Memory block for input/output operations via AVIOContext. * The buffer must be allocated with av_malloc() and friends. * @param buffer_size The buffer size is very important for performance. * For protocols with fixed blocksize it should be set to this blocksize. * For others a typical size is a cache page, e.g. 4kb. * @param write_flag Set to 1 if the buffer should be writable, 0 otherwise. * @param opaque An opaque pointer to user-specific data. * @param read_packet A function for refilling the buffer, may be NULL. * @param write_packet A function for writing the buffer contents, may be NULL. * The function may not change the input buffers content. * @param seek A function for seeking to specified byte position, may be NULL. * * @return Allocated AVIOContext or NULL on failure. */ AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context( unsigned char *buffer, int buffer_size, int write_flag, void *opaque, int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence));

avio_alloc_context()看上去参数很多,但实际上其实不复杂。先简单解释1下它各个参数的含义:
buffer:AVIOContext中的Buffer。
buffer_size:AVIOContext中的Buffer的大小。
write_flag:设置为1则Buffer可写;否则Buffer只可读。
opaque:用户自定义数据。
read_packet():读取外部数据,填充Buffer的函数。
write_packet():向Buffer中写入数据的函数。
seek():用于Seek的函数。
该函数成功履行的话则会返回1个创建好的AVIOContext。
下面看1下avio_alloc_context()的定义,位于libavformataviobuf.c,以下所示。
AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context( unsigned char *buffer, int buffer_size, int write_flag, void *opaque, int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence)) { AVIOContext *s = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVIOContext)); if (!s) return NULL; ffio_init_context(s, buffer, buffer_size, write_flag, opaque, read_packet, write_packet, seek); return s; }

该函数代码很简单:首先调用av_mallocz()为AVIOContext分配1块内存空间,然后基本上将所有输入参数传递给ffio_init_context()。

ffio_init_context()

ffio_init_context()的定义以下。
int ffio_init_context(AVIOContext *s, unsigned char *buffer, int buffer_size, int write_flag, void *opaque, int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size), int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence)) { s->buffer = buffer; s->orig_buffer_size = s->buffer_size = buffer_size; s->buf_ptr = buffer; s->opaque = opaque; s->direct = 0; url_resetbuf(s, write_flag ? AVIO_FLAG_WRITE : AVIO_FLAG_READ); s->write_packet = write_packet; s->read_packet = read_packet; s->seek = seek; s->pos = 0; s->must_flush = 0; s->eof_reached = 0; s->error = 0; s->seekable = seek ? AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL : 0; s->max_packet_size = 0; s->update_checksum = NULL; if (!read_packet && !write_flag) { s->pos = buffer_size; s->buf_end = s->buffer + buffer_size; } s->read_pause = NULL; s->read_seek = NULL; return 0; }

可以看出,这个函数的工作就是各种赋值,不算很有“技术含量”,不再详述。

ffurl_read(),ffurl_write(),ffurl_seek()

现在我们再回到ffio_fdopen(),会发现它初始化AVIOContext的结构体的时候,首先将自己分配的Buffer设置为该AVIOContext的Buffer;然后将URLContext作为用户自定义数据(对应AVIOContext的opaque变量)提供给该AVIOContext;最后分别将3个函数作为该AVIOContext的读,写,跳转函数:ffurl_read(),ffurl_write(),ffurl_seek()。下面我们选择1个ffurl_read()看看它的定义。
ffurl_read()的定义位于libavformatavio.c,以下所示。
int ffurl_read(URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size) { if (!(h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ)) return AVERROR(EIO); return retry_transfer_wrapper(h, buf, size, 1, h->prot->url_read); }

该函数先判断了1下输入的URLContext是不是支持“读”操作,接着调用了1个函数:retry_transfer_wrapper()。
如果我们看ffurl_write()的代码,以下所示。
int ffurl_write(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size) { if (!(h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) return AVERROR(EIO); /* avoid sending too big packets */ if (h->max_packet_size && size > h->max_packet_size) return AVERROR(EIO); return retry_transfer_wrapper(h, (unsigned char *)buf, size, size, (void*)h->prot->url_write); }

会发现他也调用了一样的1个函数retry_transfer_wrapper()。唯1的不同在于ffurl_read()调用retry_transfer_wrapper()的时候,最后1个参数是URLProtocol的url_read(),而ffurl_write()调用retry_transfer_wrapper()的时候,最后1个参数是URLProtocol的url_write()。
下面我们看1下retry_transfer_wrapper()的定义,位于libavformatavio.c,以下所示。
static inline int retry_transfer_wrapper(URLContext *h, uint8_t *buf, int size, int size_min, int (*transfer_func)(URLContext *h, uint8_t *buf, int size)) { int ret, len; int fast_retries = 5; int64_t wait_since = 0; len = 0; while (len < size_min) { if (ff_check_interrupt(&h->interrupt_callback)) return AVERROR_EXIT; ret = transfer_func(h, buf + len, size - len); if (ret == AVERROR(EINTR)) continue; if (h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_NONBLOCK) return ret; if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) { ret = 0; if (fast_retries) { fast_retries--; } else { if (h->rw_timeout) { if (!wait_since) wait_since = av_gettime_relative(); else if (av_gettime_relative() > wait_since + h->rw_timeout) return AVERROR(EIO); } av_usleep(1000); } } else if (ret < 1) return (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) ? ret : len; if (ret) fast_retries = FFMAX(fast_retries, 2); len += ret; } return len; }

从代码中可以看出,它的核心实际上是调用了1个名称为transfer_func()的函数。而该函数就是retry_transfer_wrapper()的第4个参数。该函数实际上是对URLProtocol的读写操作中的毛病进行了1些“容错”处理,可让数据的读写更加的稳定。

avio_alloc_context()履行终了后,ffio_fdopen()函数的工作就基本完成了,avio_open2()的工作也就做完了。


雷霄骅 (Lei Xiaohua)
leixiaohua1020@126.com
http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020



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