linux 6.4 平台下 Oracle 12c 单实例安装手册

栏目：数据库应用时间：2014-12-15 09:18:49

1．准备工作

1.1 安装需要的RPM 包

binutils⑵.20.51.0.2⑸.11.el6 (x86_64)

glibc⑵.12⑴.7.el6 (x86_64)

libgcc⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-0.3.107⑴0.el6 (x86_64)

libXext⑴.1 (x86_64)

libXtst⑴.0.99.2 (x86_64)

libX11⑴.3 (x86_64)

libXau⑴.0.5 (x86_64)

libxcb⑴.5 (x86_64)

libXi⑴.3 (x86_64)

make⑶.81⑴9.el6

sysstat⑼.0.4⑴1.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libcap1⑴.10⑴ (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++⑶3⑶.2.3⑹9.el6 (x86_64)

gcc⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

gcc-c++⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel⑵.12⑴.7.el6 (x86_64)

ksh <== 任何版本的 ksh 都可以。

libstdc++-devel⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.107⑴0.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++⑶3⑶.2.3⑹9.el6 (i686)

glibc⑵.12⑴.7.el6 (i686)

glibc-devel⑵.12⑴.7.el6 (i686)

libgcc⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (i686)

libstdc++⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (i686)

libstdc++-devel⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (i686)

libaio-0.3.107⑴0.el6 (i686)

libaio-devel-0.3.107⑴0.el6 (i686)

libXext⑴.1 (i686)

libXtst⑴.0.99.2 (i686)

libX11⑴.3 (i686)

libXau⑴.0.5 (i686)

libxcb⑴.5 (i686)

libXi⑴.3 (i686)

这里建议配置好YUM，用yum 来1次安装。

1.2 修改内核参数/etc/sysctl.conf

在sysctl.conf 中加入以下内容：

kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

kernel.panic_on_oops = 30

以下2个参数直接使用默许值便可：

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

用root用户履行sysctl -p 使修改生效。

1.3 设置 Oracle 用户的Shell 限制

在 /etc/security/limits.conf中添加以下内容：

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 10240

注：limits.conf 文件产生更改时，这些更改立即生效。但是，如果 Oracle 用户已登录，则这些更改将在注销这些用户并重新登录以后生效。必须先完成此操作，然后再使用这些帐户进行安装。

1.4 设置PAM

确保加载了最新版本的 PAM，然后在 /etc/pam.d/login 文件中添加或编辑以下行：

session required pam_limits.so

1.5 设置ulimit

验证当前 ulimit，如果需要则增大。可以采取多种方式完成此操作，推荐方法是在 /etc/profile 中添加以下行：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -u 16384
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

1.6 创建Oracle用户和组

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle

1.7 创建目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01
chmod -R 777 /u01

1.8 设置oracle用户的环境变量

修改/home/oracle/.bash_profile 文件添加以下内容：

TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=dave; export ORACLE_SID

SHLIB_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;export SHLIB_PATH
NLS_LANG=American_America.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG
ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export ORA_NLS10

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;export TNS_ADMIN

ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export CLASSPATH

Source 参数使生效：

[oracle@Ora12c ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

2．开始安装

运行runinstaller。

[root@Ora12c database]#/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory tooinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@Ora12c database]#/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory:[/usr/local/bin]:

Copyingdbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copyingoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copyingcoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file asneeded by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database iscreated

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will beperformed.

[root@Ora12c database]#

3. 查询数据库信息

[oracle@Ora12c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Apr24 12:00:39 2014

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics andReal Application Testing options

SQL> set lin 140

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER CON_ID

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OracleDatabase 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0

PL/SQLRelease 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0

CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0

TNSfor Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0

NLSRTLVersion 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0

SQL> SELECT CDB FROM V$DATABASE;

CDB

---

YES

SQL> select PDB_NAME,CON_UID,pdb_id,status fromdba_pdbs;

PDB_NAME CON_UID PDB_ID STATUS

-------------------- ---------- -----------------------

PDBCNDBA 426143573 3 NORMAL

PDB$SEED 4088301206 2 NORMAL

SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE fromv$pdbs;

CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE

---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------

24088301206 PDB$SEED READ ONLY

3 426143573 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

SQL> alter session set container=pdbcndba;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

PDBCNDBA

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

PDBCNDBA

SQL> create table cndba as select * fromall_users;

Table created.

SQL> alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

Session altered.

SQL> select count(1) from cndba;

select count(1) from cndba

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

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注意:加群必须注明表空间和数据文件关系 | 不要重复加群

CNDBA_1: 104207940 (满) CNDBA_2: 62697716 (满) CNDBA_3: 283816689

CNDBA_4: 391125754 CNDBA_5: 62697850 CNDBA_6: 62697977 CNDBA_7: 142216823（满）

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