Oracle 12c RAC 集群使用 GNS 实现 SCAN
注：本文谢绝转载！
1 说明
在前面的Blog中，讲过RAC 中SCAN 的配置有3种方式：
（1） /etc/hosts
（2） DNS
（3） GNS
具体链接以下：
Oracle RAC 集群 SCAN 说明
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/42712979
Oracle 12c RAC 集群使用DNS 实现 SCAN
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/42917867
Oracle 12c RAC 修改SCAN 配置
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/42919785
如果使用GNS来做SCAN，那末就需要配置DNS和 DHCP。 并且全部RAC的架构，也会产生变化。
在我们传统的架构中，PUBLIC IP,PRIVATE IP，VIP 都是我们预先分配好的，但如果使用GNS 来做SCAN,那末只需要固定PRIVATEIP 和 PUBLIC IP， VIP和SCAN IP 由GNS 从DHCP 中动态获得。
本测试的RAC搭建IP 分配以下表
节点 | Public IP | Private IP | VIP | SCAN VIP | GNS VIP | SCAN |
rac1 | 192.168.56.5 | 192.168.57.5 | 从DHCP动态分配 | 从DHCP动态分配 | 192.168.56.201 由DNS 解析 | 从DHCP中取得，并由GNS进行域名解析 |
rac2 | 192.168.56.6 | 192.168.57.6 | ||||
dns/dhcp | 192.168.56.200 |
| ||||
2 安装配置DNS
2.1 安装DNS
安装：
[root@rac1yum.repos.d]# yum search bind-
Loadedplugins: refresh-packagekit, security
====================================================================N/S Matched: bind-=====================================================================
bind-chroot.x86_64: A chroot runtime environment for the ISC BIND DNS server, named(8)
bind-devel.i686: Header files and libraries needed for BIND DNS development
bind-devel.x86_64: Header files and libraries needed for BIND DNS development
bind-dyndb-ldap.x86_64: LDAP back-end plug-in for BIND
bind-libs.x86_64: Libraries used by the BIND DNS packages
bind-libs.i686: Libraries used by the BIND DNS packages
bind-sdb.x86_64: BIND server with database backends and DLZ support
bind-utils.x86_64: Utilities for querying DNS name servers
[root@rac1sbin]# yum install bind-chroot.x86_64
依赖的包会自动解决。
[root@rac1etc]# rpm -qa | grep "^bind"
bind-chroot⑼.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind⑼.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind-libs⑼.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind-utils⑼.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
[root@rac1etc]#
2.2 配置DNS
安装完成后，bind的主配置文件是/etc/named.conf；区域类型配置文件是/etc/named.rfc1912.zones；区域配置文件在/var/named/下;
2.2.1 修改name.conf 文件
[root@davedns ~]# cat /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BINDnamed(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolveronly).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configurationfiles.
//
options {
// listen-onport 53 { 127.0.0.1; };默许监听IP为127.0.0.1，用//需注释掉
// listen-on-v6port 53 { ::1; };注释掉
directory "/var/named";寄存区域配置文件的目录
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file"/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file"/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
// allow-query { localhost; };允许查询的客户真个IP，默许为本机，注释掉。
recursionyes; 是不是开启迭代查询功能
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validationyes;
dnssec-lookasideauto;
/* Path to ISC DLVkey */
bindkeys-file"/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory"/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug{
file"data/named.run";
severitydynamic;
};
};
//这里必须注释掉原来的file，重新加上file
zone "." IN {
type hint;
// file"named.ca";
file"/dev/null";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
2.2.2 配置正反向解析Zone
修改Zone 文件：/etc/named.rfc1912.zones, 添加正向解析和反向解析的Zone 定义。
--配置正向解析Zone
zone"cndba.cn" IN {
typemaster;
file"cndba.cn.zone";
allow-update{ none; };
};
--配置反向解析Zone
zone"56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
typemaster;
file"56.168.192.local";
allow-update{ none; };
};
这里需要注意的是，反向解析从左到右读取ip地址时是以相反的方向解释的，所以需要将ip地址反向排列。这里，192.168.56.*网段的反向解析域名为"56.168.192.in-addr.arpa”。
2.2.3 配置正向解析的区域文件
在之前的name.conf 配置中指定的区域文件目录是：/var/named。 所以在这个目录里创建正向解析的区域文件。
文件名就是在Zone中定义的file名。
[root@davedns ~]# touch /var/named/cndba.cn.zone
添加以下内容：
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.cndba.cn. root.cndba.cn. (
42 ; serial (d.adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D) ; minimum
IN NS dns.cndba.cn.
dns IN A 192.168.56.200
gns IN A 192.168.56.201
$ORIGINcndba.cn.
@ IN NS gns.cndba.cn.
2.2.4 配置反向解析的区域文件
在/var/named 目录下创建反向解析的区域文件，文件名也是之前在Zone中定义的：56.168.192.local。
[root@davedns~]# touch /var/named/56.168.192.local
添加以下内容：
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.cndba.cn. root.cndba.cn. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400) ; Minimum
IN NS dns.cndba.cn.
200 IN PTR dns.cndba.cn.
201 IN PTR gns.cndba.cn.
2.2.5 重启DNS
[root@davedns~]# chkconfig named on
[root@davedns~]# service named restart
Stoppingnamed: . [ OK ]
Startingnamed: [ OK ]
[root@rac2named]#
2.2.6 验证DNS
在所有节点的/etc/resolv.conf文件中添加以下内容：
[root@rac1~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
#Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver192.168.56.200
nameserver192.168.56.201
optionsrotate
optionstimeout:2
optionsattempts:5
[root@rac1~]#
[root@rac2~]# nslookup dns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: dns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.200
[root@rac2~]# nslookup gns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: gns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.201
[root@rac2~]#
[root@rac1~]# nslookup gns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: gns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.201
[root@rac1~]# nslookup dns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: dns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.200
[root@rac1~]#
3 安装配置DHCP
3.1 安装DHCP
[root@davedns~]# yum install dhcp
[root@davedns~]# rpm -qa | grep "^dhcp"
dhcp-common⑷.1.1⑷3.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
dhcp⑷.1.1⑷3.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
3.2 配置DHCP
[root@davedns~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
:r /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample --可以导入配置文件在修改。
也能够直接添加以下内容：
[root@davednsdhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCPServer Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
ddns-update-styleinterim;
ignoreclient-updates;
subnet192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.56.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option nis-domain "cndba.cn";
option domain-name "cndba.cn";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.56.200;
option time-offset ⑴8000; # Eastern Standard Time
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.56.100192.168.56.150;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
}
[root@davednsdhcp]#
3.3 重启DHCP
[root@davednsdhcp]# chkconfig dhcpd on
[root@davednsdhcp]# chkconfig dhcpd --list
dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@davednsdhcp]# service dhcpd restart
Shuttingdown dhcpd: [ OK ]
Startingdhcpd: [ OK ]
[root@davednsdhcp]#
4 安装RAC
12cRAC 安装的详细步骤参考以下链接：
Oracle12c RAC 搭建手册
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/41675693
我们这里贴出不同的地方。
修改hosts文件，注释掉vip的配置，由程序动态获得。
[root@rac2~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.56.5rac1
192.168.57.5rac1-priv
#192.168.56.7rac1-vip
192.168.56.6rac2
192.168.57.6rac2-priv
#192.168.56.8rac2-vip
#192.168.56.9rac-scan
[root@rac2~]#
5 验证
[grid@rac1grid]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....ER.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....AF.lsnrora....er.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....N1.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....N2.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....N3.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.MGMTLSNR ora....nr.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.OCR.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.cvu ora.cvu.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.gns ora.gns.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.gns.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.mgmtdb ora....db.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....networkora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnrapplication ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C2.lsnrapplication ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan2.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.scan3.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
[grid@rac1grid]$
[grid@rac1grid]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server Statedetails
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LocalResources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ClusterResources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 169.254.236.113 192.
168.57.5,STABLE
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.gns
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.gns.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,STABLE
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@rac1grid]$
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config scan
SCANname: scan.cndba.cn, Network: 1
SubnetIPv4: 192.168.56.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, dhcp
SubnetIPv6:
SCAN 0IPv4 VIP: -/scan1-vip/192.168.56.101
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
SCAN 1IPv4 VIP: -/scan2-vip/192.168.56.102
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
SCAN 2IPv4 VIP: -/scan3-vip/192.168.56.103
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$
注意这里的IP地址，是从DHCP里自动获得的。
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config vip -node rac1
VIPexists: network number 1, hosting node rac1
VIPIPv4 Address: -/rac1-vip/192.168.56.100
VIPIPv6 Address:
VIP isenabled.
VIP isindividually enabled on nodes:
VIP isindividually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config vip -node rac2
VIPexists: network number 1, hosting node rac2
VIPIPv4 Address: -/rac2-vip/192.168.56.104
VIPIPv6 Address:
VIP isenabled.
VIP isindividually enabled on nodes:
VIP isindividually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$
这里，vip也是1样，自动获得。
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注意:加群必须注明表空间和数据文件关系 | 不要重复加群
CNDBA_1:62697850 (空) CNDBA_2: 62697716 (满) CNDBA_3: 283816689
CNDBA_4:391125754 CNDBA_5: 104207940 CNDBA_6:62697977 CNDBA_7: 142216823（满）