基本命令
1、列出文件
ls 参数 目录名        例: 看看驱动目录下有甚么:ls /System/Library/Extensions
参数 -w 显示中文，-l 详细信息， -a 包括隐藏文件
2、转换目录     

cd    例：想到驱动目录下散步1圈   cd /System/Library/Extensions

3、建立新目录
mkdir 目录名     例：在驱动目录下建1个备份目录 backup     mkdir /System/Library/Extensions/backup
在桌面上建1个备份目录 backup    mkdir /User/用户名/Desktop/backup

4、拷贝文件
cp 参数 源文件 目标文件    例：想把桌面的Natit.kext 拷贝到驱动目录中  cp -R /User/用户名/Desktop/Natit.kext /System/Library/Extensions
参数R表示对目录进行递归操作，kext在图形界面下看起来是个文件，实际上是个文件夹。
把驱动目录下的所有文件备份到桌面backup
cp -R /System/Library/Extensions/* /User/用户名/Desktop/backup

5、删除文件
rm 参数 文件   例：想删除驱动的缓存  rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.kextcache     rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.mkext
参数－rf 表示递归和强迫，千万要谨慎使用，如果履行了 rm -rf / 你的系统就全没了

6、移动文件
mv 文件   例：想把AppleHDA.Kext 移到桌面    mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /User/用户名/Desktop
想把AppleHDA.Kext 移到备份目录中   mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /System/Library/Extensions/backup

7、文本编辑
nano 文件名   例：编辑natit Info.plist     nano /System/Library/Extensions/Natit.kext/Info.plist

 

目录操作

命令名                       功能描写                                             使用举例

mkdir                        创建1个目录                                       mkdir dirname

rmdir                         删除1个目录                                       rmdir dirname

mvdir                        移动或重命名1个目录                         mvdir dir1 dir2

cd                             改变当前目录                                       cd dirname

pwd                          显示当前目录的路径名                          pwd

ls                              显示当前目录的内容                             ls -la

 

文件操作

命令名                                 功能描写                                  使用举例

cat                                      显示或连接文件                       cat filename

 

 

od                                       显示非文本文件的内容            od -c filename

cp                                      复制文件或目录                        cp file1 file2

rm                                     删除文件或目录                         rm filename

mv                                    改变文件名或所在目录               mv file1 file2

 

find                                  使用匹配表达式查找文件             find . -name "*.c" -print

file                                  显示文件类型                                file filename

选择操作

命令名                             功能描写                                       使用举例

head                              显示文件的最初几行                       head ⑵0 filename

tail                                 显示文件的最后几行                       tail ⑴5 filename

cut                                显示文件每行中的某些域                 cut -f1,7 -d: /etc/passwd

colrm                            从标准输入中删除若干列                  colrm 8 20 file2

 

diff                                比较并显示两个文件的差异                diff file1 file2

 

 

sort                             排序或归并文件                                      sort -d -f -u file1

uniq                           去掉文件中的重复行                                  uniq file1 file2

comm                        显示两有叙文件的公共和非公共行              comm file1 file2

wc                            统计文件的字符数、词数和行数                    wc filename

nl                             给文件加上行号                                         nl file1 >file2

 

 

 

 

进程操作

命令名                     功能描写                                                 使用举例

ps                           显示进程当前状态                                     ps u

kill                         终止进程                                                     kill ⑼ 30142

 

 

时间操作

命令名                           功能描写                                            使用举例

date                    显示系统确当前日期和时间                           date

cal                                   显示日历                                       cal 8 1996

time                         统计程序的履行时间                            time a.out

网络与通讯操作

命令名                                功能描写                                       使用举例

telnet                                  远程登录                                 telnet hpc.sp.net.edu.cn

rlogin                                 远程登录                                 rlogin hostname -l username

rsh                       在远程主机履行指定命令                             rsh f01n03 date

ftp                   在本地主机与远程主机之间传输文件                ftpftp.sp.net.edu.cn

rcp                 在本地主机与远程主机 之间复制文件               rcp file1 host1:file2

ping                   给1个网络主机发送 回应要求                   ping hpc.sp.net.edu.cn

mail                          浏览和发送电子邮件                                          mail

write                      给另外一用户发送报文                                  write username pts/1

mesg                    允许或谢绝接收报文                                                 mesg n

Korn Shell 命令              

 命令名                                 功能描写                                        使用举例

history               列出最近履行过的 几条命令及编号                       history

r                         重复履行最近履行过的 某条命令                            r ⑵

alias                            给某个命令定义别名                                  alias del=rm -i

unalias                     取消对某个别名的定义                                  unalias del

其它命令

命令名                                  功能描写                                         使用举例

uname                     显示操作系统的有关信息                              uname -a

clear                       清除屏幕或窗口内容                                        clear

env                        显示当前所有设置过的环境变量                         env

who                       列出当前登录的所有用户                                    who

whoami                  显示当前正进行操作的用户名                              whoami

tty                         显示终端或伪终真个名称                                         tty

stty                         显示或重置控制键定义                                        stty -a

du                                  查询磁盘使用情况                         du -k subdir
df /tmp                          显示文件系统的总空间和可用空间

w                                  显示当前系统活动的总信息

 

Mac OS X 终端命令开启功能